煮炸鹿茸加工过程中晚期糖基化终产物生成规律及动力学分析

目的研究煮炸鹿茸加工过程中晚期糖基化终产物的生成规律及动力学参数。方法通过构建葡萄糖与赖氨酸模拟煮炸鹿茸加工过程美拉德(Maillard)反应体系,分别采用紫外-可见分光光度法和UPLC-MS/MS法测定体系褐变指数和典型晚期糖基化终产物(羧甲基赖氨酸和羧乙基赖氨酸)含量变化,探讨晚期糖基化终产物的生成规律和动力学参数。结果鹿茸加工过程中煮炸时发生褐变反应,生成羧甲基赖氨酸和羧乙基赖氨酸反应的活化能分别为5.07、40.44、78.47 kJ/mol,且均为零级反应;烘烤时相应反应的活化能分别为6.72、89.34、164.77 kJ/mol,也均为零级反应。相对于生成羧甲基赖氨酸而言,生成羧乙基赖氨酸所需能量更高,反应更难发生。结论烘烤过程温度变化对晚期糖基化终产物的动力学参数影响显著高于煮炸过程,长时间较高温度的烘烤使鹿茸中产生了较多的晚期糖基化终产物,这些结果为鹿茸加工过程中晚期糖基化终产物的阻断、抑制策略提供了理论基础,对生产绿色安全的鹿茸及加强中药安全具有重要意义。     

基于文献计量学骶髂关节半脱位影像学诊断标准的探讨

目的:基于文献计量学方法,探讨分析骶髂关节半脱位的影像学诊断标准。方法:回顾2017年5月30日前有关骶髂关节半脱位的中文文献,对文献中骶髂关节半脱位的病因及影像学诊断标准进行归纳分析。结果:共纳入283篇符合要求的文献,167篇有影像学诊断标准,骨盆X线正位片和斜位片是最常用的诊断方法,骶髂关节间隙增宽或狭窄、双侧髂嵴不等高、骶髂关节密度增高或粗糙和骶髂关节间隙模糊是报道最多的几种影像学依据,文献中的骶髂关节间隙变化和髂嵴高度异常标准不统一。结论:骶髂关节半脱位的影像学诊断依据混乱,关节间隙和髂嵴高度差异等可能的依据也常见于强直性脊柱炎等疾病,以上标准仍存在一些问题。     

Understanding and adjusting for the selection bias from a proof-of-concept study to a more confirmatory study

It has long been noticed that the efficacy observed in small early phase studies is generally better than that observed in later larger studies. Historically, the inflation of the efficacy results from early proof-of-concept studies is either ignored, or adjusted empirically using a frequentist or Bayesian approach. In this article, we systematically explained the underlying reason for the inflation of efficacy results in small early phase studies from the perspectives of measurement error models and selection bias. A systematic method was built to adjust the early phase study results from both frequentist and Bayesian perspectives. A hierarchical model was proposed to estimate the distribution of the efficacy for a portfolio of compounds, which can serve as the prior distribution for the Bayesian approach. We showed through theory that the systematic adjustment provides an unbiased estimator for the true mean efficacy for a portfolio of compounds. The adjustment was applied to paired data for the efficacy in early small and later larger studies for a set of compounds in diabetes and immunology. After the adjustment, the bias in the early phase small studies seems to be diminished.     

半枝莲抗肿瘤作用及临床应用研究进展

半枝莲是治疗肿瘤的临床常用中药,其主要成分有木樨草素、芹黄素、槲皮苷、汉黄芩素、黄芩黄素、野黄芩素、黄芩苷、黄岑素等。被广泛应用于头颈部肿瘤、肺癌、乳腺癌、食管癌、胃癌、肝癌、胰腺癌、结直肠癌、卵巢癌、子宫内膜癌、宫颈癌、膀胱癌、黑色素瘤等肿瘤的治疗。现代中医发展了藤龙补中汤、肠复方、扶正消癌汤、肺泰胶囊和肺抑瘤膏等含有半枝莲的抗癌临床验方。同时有409项含有半枝莲的抗癌专利,其中部分专利已转化为中成药,如养正消积胶囊、复方斑蝥胶囊、安康欣胶囊、蛇莲胶囊和抗癌平丸等。半枝莲治疗肿瘤的作用机制涉及抑制细胞增殖、诱导细胞自噬和凋亡、抑制转移、调节免疫功能和抑制肿瘤血管生成等。这些研究为合理应用半枝莲治疗肿瘤提供了基础。     

基于医院业务信息系统的脑血管病临床数据中心建设实践

新时期医院的业务信息系统数量日益增长，医院积累了多种业务系统的大量临床数据，但 大量数据不等于大数据，大数据是大量有内在逻辑关系的数据，是可用于统计分析的标准化数据。 临床数据中心是通过集成平台将疾病资料标准化处理，按照逻辑关系分类存储的数据仓库。根据不 同主题建设临床数据中心，可使数据更为有效地得以利用。本文对建设脑血管病临床数据中心的经 验进行介绍，针对不同主题进行设计建设，可以高效、可靠和方便地对脑血管病诊疗数据进行集中管 理和使用，从而改善医疗流程，提高医疗质量，促进医院的管理决策和科学研究。     

GPER-mediated,oestrogen-dependent visceral hypersensitivity in stressed rats is associated with mast cell tryptase and histamine expression

Visceral hypersensitivity (VH) is common in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and female patients are more likely to seek healthcare services for IBS-related abdominal pain. Oestrogen has been reported to mediate pain modulation via its receptor, and mast cells are known to participate in the development of visceral hypersensitivity. Our previous studies showed that the G-protein-coupled oestrogen receptor (GPER, also known as GPR30) was expressed by mast cells in human colonic tissues and was associated with IBS type and severity of visceral pain. However, whether GPER is involved in oestrogen-dependent visceral hypersensitivity via mast cell degranulation is still unknown. Rats were subjected to wrap partial restraint stress to induce visceral hypersensitivity and were ovariectomized (OVX) to eliminate the effects of oestrogen on visceral hypersensitivity. OVX rats were treated with oestrogen, an oestrogen receptor α and β antagonist (ICI 182.780), a GPER antagonist (G15) or a GPER agonist (G1), to evaluate the effects of oestrogen via its receptor. The colorectal distention test was performed to assess visceral sensitivity. Immunofluorescence studies were performed to evaluate GPER and mast cell tryptase co-expression. Mast cell number with degranulation was detected by specific staining. Mast cell tryptase expression in rat colon was also investigated by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Substance P and histamine expression were examined by ELISA. GPER was expressed by the majority of tryptase-positive mast cells in the colonic mucosa. Stressed rats showed increased visceral sensitivity, increased mast cell degranulation, mast cell tryptase expression, and increased colon histamine levels. Ovariectomy reduced stress-induced VH in female rats and decreased mast cell degranulation, mast cell tryptase expression, and histamine levels, whereas oestrogen replacement reversed these effects. In OVX rats, the GPER antagonist G15 counteracted the enhancing effects of oestrogen on stress-induced VH, mast cell degranulation, mast cell tryptase, and histamine expression, whereas VH was preserved after treatment with ICI 182.780. On the other hand, pretreatment with the selective GPER agonist G1 at doses between 1 and 20 μg/kg significantly increased VH, mast cell tryptase, and histamine expression in OVX-stressed rats, mimicking the effects of oestrogen. GPER plays a pivotal role in the regulation of mast cell degranulation, mast cell tryptase expression, and histamine levels and contributes to the development of colonic hypersensitivity in a female rat model of IBS.     

“血尿”“三问十二字”临床教学思路探讨

血尿是肾病科常见的临床表现,对于血尿的病因诊断分析在临床中不容易掌握,有漏诊的风险,因此需要系统而全面的诊断思路。我科在临床教学中总结了"三问十二字"的教学思路,收到较好的效果。三问包括第一问尿液呈现红色是否为血尿?第二问为符合血尿是否为病理状态?第三问为血尿一定是否只有肾脏疾病?通过三问来明确血尿的定义,并逐渐剖析临床非血尿、真性血尿、假性血尿、内科性血尿以及外科性血尿的意义。再通过内科性血尿的特点高度概括出"十二个字",以帮助学生区分内科性血尿及外科性血尿。通过"三问十二字"的深入浅出学习,可以将血尿复杂的诊断思路由繁入简掌握,并实践于临床。     

微课在胸腔外科临床教学中的应用及效果

传统的胸腔外科教学存在课堂教学课时分配有限、病种较多而课堂教学难以全面覆盖、实践教学水平参差不齐、"大教材"更新难以同步等诸多问题。空军军医大学第二附属医院胸腔外科将微课教学逐渐应用于胸外科教学工作的各个层面当中，如本科生辅助课堂教学及临床技能培训、基层及进修医生培训、研究生教育等，取得了良好的教学效果。     

农村青少年不同时期家庭逆境与精神病理症状的关联

目的探讨家庭逆境致精神病理症状结局的累积性与关键期效应,为预防与干预逆境伤害提供依据。方法2017年12月,采用方便抽样的方法选取安徽省阜阳地区2所农村学校的710名青少年。采用《童年期不良经历问卷》评估家庭逆境,《MacArthur健康与行为问卷》评价内化症状和外化症状。采用多元线性回归分析家庭逆境发生时间与数量和精神病理症状的关联。结果持续家庭逆境组与内化症状、外化症状增加均有相关性[β值(95%CI)分别为0.35(0.15~0.54),0.16(0.01~0.32)]。家庭逆境数量为2和≥3与内化症状[β值(95%CI)分别为0.20(0.04~0.36),0.42(0.24~0.60)]、外化症状[β值(95%CI)分别为0.14(0.01~0.26),0.23(0.09~0.37)]增加有关。在仅童年期家庭逆境中,家庭逆境数量为2和≥3的内化症状[β值(95%CI)分别为0.23(0.06~0.41),0.34(0.11~0.58)]、外化症状[β值(95%CI)分别为0.17(0.02~0.31),0.21(0.02~0.39)]的风险增高。在持续家庭逆境组中,逆境数量≥3与内化症状、外化症状相关[(β值(95%CI)分别为0.56(0.31~0.82),0.24(0.02~0.45)]。仅青春期家庭逆境与精神病理症状无关。结论家庭逆境的多次发生可增加精神病理症状风险,童年期可能是家庭逆境致精神病理症状的关键期。